The information on this site is intended for healthcare professionals in the United States and is not intended for the general public.
The information on this site is intended for healthcare professionals in the United States and is not intended for the general public.
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When an individual tests positive for HIV, a healthcare provider will perform a physical examination, record his or her medical history, and recommend that he or she undergo several laboratory tests in order to determine the most appropriate medical treatment. Psychological counseling and mental health assessment will also be recommended to help the patient learn how to cope with the disease.
An individual who tests positive for HIV should provide his or her doctor with a complete medical history, including sexual practices and drug habits, and undergo a thorough physical evaluation, including oral and ophthalmic exams.
A CD4-cell count is a measurement of special white blood cells that help the body fight infection. Monitoring the number of CD4 cells can help doctors assess how healthy the immune system is. The lower the number of CD4 cells, the more susceptible the body becomes to opportunistic infections.
HIV-infected individuals should undergo tests for other medical conditions, such as hepatitis, syphilis, and tuberculosis. A test called a “Pap” (Papanicolaou) smear is recommended for HIV-infected women in order to rule out cervical abnormalities.
Viral load refers to the amount of HIV circulating in the blood. It is used to predict the rate of disease progression. The higher the viral load, the more likely AIDS will develop.
The mental health needs of an HIV-infected individual should be assessed as soon as possible. Both the HIV patient and his or her loved ones may benefit from psychological or psychiatric support.
